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Ilmenite, a natural iron-containing mineral, has been investigated as an inexpensive catalyst for the steam reforming of volatiles (tar) from the pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass. The results indicate that ilmenite has good activity for the steam reforming of tar into gases due to its highly dispersed iron-containing species. The supply of external steam, in addition to the H 2 O and CO ...
Water vapour adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were performed on three coal samples originating from the Czech Republic. Measurements were conducted at three temperatures: 25, 35 and 45°C. The adsorption isotherms fit the Dent model. For a description of the kinetic process linear driving force model, and in the case of a sample with higher concentration of carboxylic groups, a double exponential...
An experimental study is conducted to evaluate the effects of using blends of diesel fuel with either ethanol in proportions of 5% and 10% or n-butanol in 8% and 16% (by vol.), on the combustion behavior of a fully-instrumented, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled, heavy duty, direct injection (DI), ‘Mercedes-Benz’ engine installed at the authors’ laboratory. Combustion chamber and fuel injection...
First-principle calculations based on Density Functional Theory were performed to investigate the binding mechanisms of mercury species on α-Fe 2 O 3 (001) surface. This is crucial in demonstrating the contribution of α-Fe 2 O 3 existing in fly ash for mercury removal. It has been determined that Hg 0 is adsorbed on the α-Fe 2 O 3 (001) surface...
In this study, the effect of injection timing and EGR rate on the combustion and emissions of a Ford Lion V6 split injection strategy direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated by using neat biodiesel produced from soybean oil. The results showed that, with the increasing of EGR rate, the brake specific fuel combustion (BSFC) and soot emission were slightly increased, and...
The present paper deals with the study on the effect of metal contaminants on the oxidation stability of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (JCB). Taking pyrogallol as the most effective antioxidant based on the earlier work of the authors, JCB was mixed with different transition metals – Fe, Ni, Mn, Co and Cu in different concentrations. Induction period (IP) was measured using Rancimat method (EN 14112)...
The effect of fuel constituents and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion characteristics, fuel efficiency and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-dimethoxymethane (DMM) blends was investigated experimentally. Three diesel-DMM blended fuels containing 20%, 30% and 50% by volume fraction of DMM, corresponding to 8.5%, 12.7% and 21.1% by mass of oxygen in the blends,...
This paper discusses the heat release mode and its effect on combustion characteristics of stratified charge compression ignition (SCCI) combustion with a two-stage fuel supply. To create and control the fuel concentration stratification, composition stratification, and temperature stratification, primary reference fuels or their mixtures were supplied from the intake port, while n-heptane was directly...
In this paper, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling study was undertaken by integrating the combustion of pulverized dry lignite in several combustion environments. Four different cases were investigated: an air-fired and three different oxy-fuel combustion environments (25vol.% O 2 concentration (OF25), 27vol.% O 2 concentration (OF27), and 29vol.% O 2...
Hydrothermal alteration (hydrous pyrolysis) experiments, in the absence and presence of H 2 (reductive), were conducted on organic matter from marine and lacustrine sediments. The experiments were carried out at discrete temperatures from 150°C to 350°C to assess the yields and compositions of the bitumen (tar) formed and subsequently at higher temperatures the oil generated. The yield of...
A Chinese high-rank coal was acid-washed and ion-exchanged with Na and K to prepare the H-form, Na-form and K-form coals. After pyrolysis, H-form, Na-form and K-form chars and two additional H-form chars (acid washed Na-form and K-form chars) were prepared to investigate the effects of alkaline metal (AM) on coal gasification at the pyrolysis and gasification phases. The H-form char had the highest...
In this study, rice husk-derived ash (RHA) was hydrated with CaO and then impregnated with copper to synthesize a sorbent that was subsequently tested for its capacity in simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO from a simulated flue gas. The effect of various sorbent preparation parameters, including copper loading, RHA/CaO ratio, hydration period and NaOH concentration, on the desulphurisation/denitrification...
In this study, Euro V diesel fuel, biodiesel, and ethanol–biodiesel blends (BE) were tested in a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the engine under five engine loads at the maximum torque engine speed of 1800rpm. The results indicate that when compared with biodiesel, the combustion characteristics of ethanol–biodiesel...
The main goal of the study presented in the paper was an experimental comparison of the underground lignite and hard coal seams air gasification simulated in the ex situ reactor. In the study lignite and hard coal were gasified with oxygen, air and oxygen enriched air as gasification agents in the 50- and 30-h experiments, respectively, with an intrinsic coal and strata moisture content as a steam...
Groundwater pollution is considered the most serious potential environmental risk related to the underground coal gasification technology (UCG). A variety of hazardous water-born contaminants have been identified during different UCG operations conducted so far, and in some locations long-term groundwater contaminations were observed. Characteristic organic UCG-related pollutions are mostly the phenols,...
The effects of ignition system, compression ratio, and methanol injector configuration on the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and combustion of a high-compression direct-injection spark-ignition methanol engine under light loads were investigated experimentally, and its BTE was compared with its diesel counterpart. The experimental results showed that these factors significantly affect the fuel economy...
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